Short circuiter for electric motors



Nov. 15, 1932. E E 1,887,672

SHORT CIRCUITER FOR ELECTRIC MOTORS Filed July 24. 1931 3 Sheets-Sheet 123 1 17/5 f WW 1 I l 2 I 13 18 j I Jamonloz, HLWIN .BoRcHERS,

Maya,

Nov. 15, 1932. A. BORCHERS SHORT CIRCUITER FOR ELECTRIC MOTORS FiledJuly 24, 1931 3 Sheets-Sheet 2 ALWIN BOROHERS.

donkey u 15, 1932. BORCHERS 1,887,672

SHORT CIRCUITER FOR ELECTRIC MOTORS Filed July 24. 1931 3 Sheets-Sheet 3V 8 F1616! Q 9 Jmprfv ALwuv BORCHERS,

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mit their radial movement.

Patented Nov. 15, 1932 UNITED-STATES eewz PAT N OFFICE 1 ALWIN noncnnns,01av DAYTON, onropnssrsuon 'ro THE Bnowiv-nnocKMnYsn w comrnnv, orDAYTON, 0 1110, A con-roaa'rron or oraro siion'r cmourrnn non ELECTRICMorons Application filed July 24, 1931, Serial No. 552,920 and inCanada, July 18, 1931.

. My invention relates to short circuiters for motor commutators. Myinvention applies to a shortcircuiting device for alternatingcurrentmotors of rejpulsion and induction type by which the motor isautomatically changed from the repulsion starting condition to aninduction running condition and vice versa, in accordance withvariations of speed. Inparticular, it is the object of my invention toprovide a short'circuiter in which there will be aplurality of contactsegments held against outward movement, and arranged to be supported sothat when brought 1| into engagement with the commutator their yieldingsupport will align them in engagement with the commutator andaccommodate any variations in such engagement. 1

It is a further object'toprovide such seg- Jl oments so arranged thatthey may rockfinto en aging position but cannot move radially. 3 t is afurther object to eliminate all spring means, such as garter springs andthe like,

for controlling the movement of these seg- It is my object to providefixed mechanism for restraining the movement of these segments, therebyeliminating spring mechanism-heretofore employed which would per- It isa further object to provide weight actuating means for moving thesegments bodily. I thereby avoid using the segments as the weight means.It has heretofore been the custom and practice inthis art to usecentrifugal force on the segments to move them into engagement position.This leads to inaccuracy of contact and poor operation. These very heavyweights of my invention will have no other function than to move thesegments horizontally towards the commutator, while the weights willmove radially. h

It is my object to provide a single very strong spring to resist thismovement in order to provide positive action for disengagement andengagement of the contact segments with the commutator.

To assist in this snap action I have pro- .150 'vided means to resistthe outward movement 'is mounted upon a cam sleeve 13 having the of theweights and to suddenly relievethat resistance in order to insure snapmovement.

Referring to the drawings, Figure 1 is a section through the commutator,segment support, spring, and centrifugal weights showing the parts inposition of rest out of contact. I

Figure 2 is a similar view showing the parts in operation in contact.

Figure 3 is a section on the line 3-3 of Figure 1.

Figure 4 is a section on the line 4'4 of Figure 1.

Figure 5 is a section on the line 55 of Figure 1. Figure 6 is a sectionon the line 66 of Figure 1., r 1

Referring to the drawings in detail, 1 is an armature shaft upon whichis mounted a commutatorQ having commutator bars 3 insulated therefrom bythe insulation 4. The

face of these bars is cut away into an armate contact face as at 5. Aplurality of contact making segments 6 are provided with an aligningslot 7, in which slot is inserted a flat plate of yielding material 8.This disc of yielding material serves to align the contact segments andto yieldingly support them against the commutator when the segments arein commutator engaging position and to thus accommodate anyirregularities in con tact with the commutator between the respectivesegments. The segments are prevented from having any outward movement bythe overhanging lip 9 of the retaining disk 10. Both the disk 10 and thespring supporting disk 8 are mounted upon the insulating collar 11 onwhich they are held by the insulating clamping ring 12. This collar camflange 14 which is engaged by the foot 15 of. the weights 16. This foot15 has an engaging face 17 engaging the under side of the cam disk 14.The cam sleeve is mounted upon a bearing sleeve 18 on the armatureshaft 1. The spring 19 engages the clamping ring 12 at one end andtheYarmature 2 at the other end and resiststhe longitudinal movement ofthe bearing sleeve 18, earn sleeve li wk Jib , 1. in il ation sleeve 11,the yielding supportin disk 8 endthe retainingdisk .10.

ight's ldmoving outwaedly under h c" 5 r. inthefw wk iieij serves aspa.t ",restrain the we 7 r ml! upon accomplishment :of o predetegr ninedspeed of the end make the engagement be twee n the momihewernmg t f "p'isa'eup a f st 1 f the "i time shaftl end'turns v p'lfiiprovidedwiflvpam 6! fiutsfl thtough'ii hieh thefgrms of the "lfiprojectw ar the weight feet lire'providedf ivith thecem surfzwes myweighs-16ers? me me e-m substnntieliy zonstitutiiigi,e full circle "intheir thereby it ble to comets; .g "ll-Eli Q W -S e. minstuhe :61 means1 I? fir n: filw a y.

e 1 m weighm'in one as- I 4 e fl i g en n disk in e, v V Winona-inns tmats" "This fa- V *E P WmaGiQstmeutmJ re eal,

" 1 mm of; the" contact rmy'outward'move d!!! 0 the'werhlnging lip Fa fiotjhe miiining llisk' m i provide 'for inflepmdent moviemilnt, er theoomtnet segments hi'rock upon the spring Essa. m thenslot e them tothe-spring plate8 1.112% wring P wi l M sky i M in J m s. tot-the meow:a. 1 within my; inven 1! 11 mbe w'ly. em-

. the ofmyino fully glescribed inyinventioii, t kimmgwlnd defire tosecure by whenc s. i n

It!!! in short fxnehiin'is'm, an Mi es anwrniltuie, a reciprocal his isspnng is compressed by the action against the sleeve "means to'resistthe movement of sai :means. to

the shoulder 21mm 7 2. 'In a me chani'sm; time.

i aaidsegments int'oeontact the collar as-um is fig]? mount 'girr eightwit in agile f iveeot in V v g contact makin 'Iim enabled to em- 'astheleontect'se sm ts isecen- 1 v limited rocking movement on said w w-enshaman 1w do support on said armature shaft, a plurality" H c of contactmaking segments mounted there- 3 on, yielding means for supporting and vf ingsaid segments, said segments being or; Q "ranged around the yieldmgmeans, and vgpightmeans edlptedeto move saidse ts Y I into eontlc'tmaking and Bldg-.

mature shaft, anarmature, a reciprocal port on said armature shaft, aplurality of; A contactmaking segments mounted thereon,,yielding-meansioi supplortingand said segments, and weig t means ads I1zfigisitionand 'eldin means to resim meat-of said wei means, and meaman;gaging suid contact makin segmentsadept; edto vent their outer;'m'ovementn F n a short circuiting mechanism,

shaft, an armature, a I ii port on saidurmature'shaft, e plomliyofcontact making' 'se'gmenls mountedthenem'rgi yielding mm; for su'pportinand at;

said segments, weight means opted to move said j tsy nto contact makingv and ding means to resist the movemefi -g;

cffshidweight means, and means I i s e prevent their outward movement,menus-hem amn v with aligning therein in it i'chsli zieldin supportthWior'is' mounted where ysai 'segmentaiheve j :Ina short circuit er, anumqtlireym It s mature shaft, a plurality of contact as aspplatesupporting slid f" means or moving said segments into w of gementwithseid commutator, i 3 I r 15. n a. short oi'rcui'ter on armature,meture a'plurality ofcontact MM aspring plate supportingsaid segments; Imeans for moving said segments intoflg out of engagement with'said Vsaid segments having an nlignin ceiwin said spring plate, said 5 0t itssnfllcientwidth to permit limited i mg of said segments'inde dent! oneof other on said firing-p15? I 3v 6. In": sho circulteig 'an armature,in urmature'shaftmplurality of contact segmeii e'sprin' plate supportingsaid se nts' means E moving said segments into out 'ef engegement withsaid commutator," said I segments having an aligning slot forfeieiv Qing said spring plate, said slot being'xcf fi'ci'ent width to permitlimited said segments independently oneof tlf iher on said spring plate,and means menns; said 'segments partially adapted their outer surfacesto prevent out ard ment?! said e ts 9". Sid-1 9. 593. I,

dmounted on said armature shaft, a plurality 7 In combination, anarmature shaft and commutator, a plurality of slotted circular weightmeans adapted upon predetermined speed of the armature shaft to movesaid segments into engagement with said commutator and spring meansadapted to return said segments to their initial position upon thereduction of the armature shaft to a prede- .termined speed.

8;, In combination, an armature shaft, an

armature and a commutator having an arouafe engaging face, a slidablespring plate 'of independent contact making segments having arcuateengaging faces mounted on the periphery of said spring plate, aretaining ring associated with said spring plate engaging the outersurfaces of said segments and. retaining them on said spring plate,

1 weight means for moving said spring plate segments and retaining meanstowards the commutator, and spring means between said spring plate andarmature for res1st1ng said movement, said spring plate and retainingmeans being insulated from said armature shaft and spring.

9. In combination, a commutator, an armature shaft, a cam sleeve and camflange, an

insulation sleeve, a yielding supporting disk,

a plurality of segments mounted thereon, a

retaining disk having a retaining lip engaging said segments toretainthem between it and said supporting disk, a plurality of weights havingcam faces engaging said cam sleeve flange and means for guiding saidweights against said flange to move said contact making segments againstsaid commutator and yielding means for resisting said movement.

10. In combination, a commutator, an armature shaft, a cam sleeve andcam flange, an insulation sleeve, a yielding supporting disk, aplurality of segments mounted thereon, a

retaining disk having a retaining lip engaging said segments to retainthem between it and said supporting dlsk, a plurality of weights havingcam faces engaging sald cam sleeve flange and means for guiding saidweights against said flange to move said contact making segments againstsaid commutator and yielding means for resisting said movement, andmeans for temporarily resisting the movement of said weights.

11. In combination, a commutator, an armature shaft, a cam sleeve andcam flange,

aninsulation sleeve, a yielding supporting disk, a plurality of segmentsmounted thereon, a-retaining disk having a retaining lip engaging saidsegments to retain them between it and said supporting disk, a pluralityof weights having cam faces engaging said cam sleeve flange andimeansfor guiding said weights against said flange to move guiding means forsaid weights adapted to guide them in a diagonal path towards saidcommutator.

12. In a short circuiter, an armature shaft, a commutator, having anarcuate face, a plurality of circular segments having aligning slots, ayielding supporting disk mounted in said slots, a retaining diskengaging the outer margins of said segments, a supporting insulatingsleeve, a spring engaging said sleeve located between the sleeve and thecommutator and an angularly disposed cam sleeve supporting theinsulating sleeve, a bearing sleeve therefor, a plurality of weightshaving cam faces engaging said cam sleeve, and means for guiding saidweights towards said cam sleeve.

13. In a short circuiter for repulsion and induction motors, centrifugalactuating Weight means, yielding means for resisting said weight means,a plurality of rocking contact making segments, yielding means forsupporting said segments, and positive mechanical means for preventingoutward movement of said segments.

14. In a short circuitingmechanism, an armature shaft, an armature, acommutator, a plurality of contact making segments supported on thearmature shaft, yielding means for supporting and aligning saidsegments, said segments being arranged around the yielding means, andindependent weight means adapted to move said segments into contactmaking position and yielding means to resist the movement of said weightmeans.

15. In a short circuiting mechanism, an

